An integrated wastewater reuse concept combining natural reclamation techniques, membrane filtration and metal oxide adsorption

Evaluation of reclamation technologies for wastewater reuse

Reclamation and reuse of wastewater require the use of tools that minimize risks to health and natural ecosystems. There are various types of such tools, among which HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control points) and barrier systems are gaining importance. The research reported here aims to determine and evaluate the most efficient combinations of different treatment systems—barriers—for t...

Adsorption and Biological Filtration in Wastewater Treatment

The role of membrane processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse

Wastewater reuse presents a promising solution to the growing pressure on water resources. However, wastewater reuse implementation faces obstacles that include insufficient public acceptance, technical, economic and hygienic risks and further uncertainties caused by a lack of awareness, accepted standards, uniform guidelines and legislation. So far, there are no supranational regulations on wa...

Specific Options in Biological Wastewater Treatment for Reclamation and Reuse

Ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor for urban wastewater reclamation

A 162-day pilot-scale operation for reclamation of urban wastewater was studied by using an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (UMBR). Performance of the UMBR was investigated with a sludge retention time (SRT) of 5, 15, and 30 days, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 h, and membrane flux between 75 and 150 l m−2 h−1, respectively. It was observed that the highest sludge concentration in th...